Dr White
Flanagan
most centrally active drugs have the same variabilty, for example lorazepam
shows a paper about a study , about lorazepam and midazolam in ICU .
During the day lower dose for anxiolitic effect ,at night increased dose for sleep
shows graph (blood levels or effects, i'm not sure) to show again variability : model is a line, scattered spots are patients , the spots are everywhere around the line
propofol = sedative hypnotic : low dose = sleepiness, reduces anxiety, medium dose = deeper sedation, higher dose = not responsive to pain = anesthesia, produces amnesia at anesthetic level
benzos have the same variability , can produce amnesia
analgesic = blocks pain
propofol can be used for different levels of sedation
MAC : monitored anesthesia care . Subhypnotic , lower sedation than anesthesia
propofol can be used for different levels of sedation from reduction of anxiety to general anesthesia
propofol is a very controllable drug
Did a study about propofol for MAC sedation, but the company was not interested because propofol was meant to replace anesthetic, but got a grant to study it, before it was FDA approved.
In 1992 Astra Zeneca did a new insert for propofol for MAC sedation, provided data that Dr Shafer analysed for the Astra Zenaca inserts
Off label use (o use a drug for other effects) : off label is not FDA approved, on label FDA approved,
is propofol for sleep off label ? : sleep in a ICU is on label, sleep at home is off label
Chinese study : very interesting. Agrees the outcome is very interesting, it helped people with chronic refractory insomia, authors should be given a chance to be reviewed , and respond to crticism.
A paper used by dr Shafer, the one about apnea and anesthesia was rejected by the society of anesthesiology an anelgesia. Another paper used by Dr Shafer in this case was also rejected.
Has read the toxicology report.
Polypharmacy : combining drugs : reducing the side effects by combining lower doses of drugs. Example : pain mangament : mixing opiates and non opiates to reduce opiates side effects
polypharmacy : is good medecine if done properly . Ex midazolam + propofol is a standard technique.
Showing a graph done by Dr Shafer , Walgren objects : it' not the same graph, defense wants to put it into evidence , Walgren objects to new evidence, Flanagan pulls a previously indentified graph the defence. (I haven't seen the first one, so I don't know if it's the same as the one Flanagan eventuly shows)
Dr Shafer's graph : 2X2mg (2 am 5 am) orazepam, with the non responsive to pain levels. Says lorazepam is not an anlgesic, doesn't understand this line.
recess until tomorow 8 45